CIVIL ENGINEERING CAPSULE

  Nepal Banepa Polytechnique has announced vacancy on contract basis for the following post: hotel management instructor computer instructor electrical sub-instructor light vehicle driver please find the detail of vacancy below: link for notice: https://nbpi.edu.np/?p=1679

  On the basis of geological origin of their sediments, soil can be divided into: a) Physical weathering b) Chemical weathering   A ) physical weathering: is the process by which rocks are broken into smaller and smaller pieces by physical forces, including water, wind, ocean waves ,glacier ice, frost, and expansion and contraction caused by the gain and loss of heat. B) Chemical weathering: is the process of chemical decomposition of the original rock. In the case of physical weathering , the rock breaks into smaller smaller pieces with-out a change in its chemical composition. However , in chemical weathering , the original material may be changed to something entirely different. For example: the chemical weathering of feldspar Can produce clay minerals. ❖ Most rock weathering is a combination of mechanical and chemical weathering. Transportation and deposition of soil a) Transported soils : soil produced by the weathering of rocks can be transported b...

 Highway: [23 Hours] 3.1. Study of contour map. 3.2. Draw layout of road alignment, profile, cross-section with the help of given data/topographic map. 3.3. Design horizontal and vertical curve. 3.4. Provide typical retraining structures, drains and culverts. 3.5. Prepare bill of quantities and cost estimate. link to download SW ROAD:      DOWNLOAD SW ROAD AFTER DOWNLOADING:  CREAT YOUR ACCOUNT DOWNLOAD LEARNING EDITION

 GRADIENT The ratio of rising or fall to horizontal length is called gradient or it may be also defined as the rate of rising or fall along the length of road with respect to horizontal. It is expressed as 1 in n ( which means 1 vertical: n horizontal) or x% ( which means x vertical units: 100 horizontal units). It may also be expressed as tan α where  α is slope angle. Note: ascending gradients are treated as positive.           descending gradients are treated as negative.        Types of gradient: Ruling gradient Limiting gradient Exceptional gradient Minimum gradient 1. Ruling gradient          The gradient usually adopted while making the road alignment is called the ruling gradient. It is the maximum gradient within which the designer attempts to design the vertical profile of a road. It is also known as design gradient. As per, the recommended value of ruling for plain or rolling terrain is 1 in ...

     Unit 4 soil classification Theoretical and scientific purpose:  ➢ For generalization and advancement of soil science by engineering different idea ➢ To provide a   common language to engineers and scientists for the exchanging of information and experience regarding soil.  ➢ For the systematic study, study, communication, and discussion about soil.  Practical purpose  ➢ For gathering data in the different schemes in an easy way.  ➢ To correlate with behavior of soil under a specific use.  Basic requirement of soil classification  ➢ Should have united number of groups  ➢ Should have based on engineering properties  ➢ Should be simple and uses easily understandable terms.  Soil classification  Soil classification is a separation of soil into classes or groups each having similar characteristics and potentially similar behavior. A classification for engineering purposes should be based mainly on mecha...